"-czy" meaning in All languages combined

See -czy on Wiktionary

Suffix [Polish]

IPA: /t͡ʂɘ/
Rhymes: -ɘ Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-keh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-i-keh₂ Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ikāˀ Proto-Slavic *-ьka Proto-Slavic *-ьca Old Polish -ca Polish -ca Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Slavic *-kъ Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ Old Polish -ek Polish -ek Proto-Indo-European *-keh₂der. Proto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀ Proto-Slavic *-ъka Old Polish -ka Polish -ka Proto-Indo-European *ís Proto-Balto-Slavic *is Proto-Slavic *jь Old Polish -y Polish -y Polish -czy Rebracketing of words suffixed with -ca or -ek /-ka + -y (such as łowczy). Etymology templates: {{etymon|pl|:af|-ca|-ek|-ka|-y|id=adjectival|tree=1}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-keh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-i-keh₂ Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ikāˀ Proto-Slavic *-ьka Proto-Slavic *-ьca Old Polish -ca Polish -ca Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Slavic *-kъ Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ Old Polish -ek Polish -ek Proto-Indo-European *-keh₂der. Proto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀ Proto-Slavic *-ъka Old Polish -ka Polish -ka Proto-Indo-European *ís Proto-Balto-Slavic *is Proto-Slavic *jь Old Polish -y Polish -y Polish -czy [Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*-ikāˀ", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-ьka", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-ьca", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "-ca", "lang" : "zlw-opl" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Polish", "term" : "-ca", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "pl" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "nominal", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "nominal", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "is_duplicate" : true, "children" : [ ], "id" : "adjectives", "status" : { "1" : "ine-pro", "id" : "adjectives", "pos" : "suffix" }, "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-kos", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-kъ", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-ъkъ", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "-ek", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "zlw-opl" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Polish", "term" : "-ek", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "pl" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "nominal", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "suffix", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "suffix", "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "is_duplicate" : true, "children" : [ ], "id" : "adjectives", "status" : { "1" : "ine-pro", "id" : "adjectives", "pos" : "suffix" }, "alt" : "*-keh₂", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-kos", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "status" : "inline", "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*-kāˀ", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-ъka", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "-ka", "lang" : "zlw-opl" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Polish", "term" : "-ka", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "pl" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "adjectival", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "determiner", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "determiner", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "demonstrative", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*ís", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*is", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*jь", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "-y", "lang" : "zlw-opl" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Polish", "term" : "-y", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "pl" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Polish", "term" : "-czy", "lang" : "pl" }" data-id="adjectival" data-lang="pl" data-title="-czy" id="Polish:_adjectival">, {{rebracketing|pl}} Rebracketing Head templates: {{head|pl|suffix}} -czy Inflection templates: {{pl-adecl}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], -czy [error-unrecognized-form, masculine, singular], -cza [error-unrecognized-form, feminine, singular], -cze [error-unrecognized-form, neuter, singular], -czy [error-unrecognized-form, plural, virile], -cze [error-unrecognized-form, plural], -czego [genitive, masculine, singular], -czej [feminine, genitive, singular], -czego [genitive, neuter, singular], -czych [error-unrecognized-form, genitive, plural], -czych [genitive, plural, virile], -czemu [dative, masculine, singular], -czej [dative, feminine, singular], -czemu [dative, neuter, singular], -czym [dative, error-unrecognized-form, plural], -czym [dative, plural, virile], -czego [accusative, animate, masculine, singular], -czy [accusative, inanimate, masculine, singular], -czą [accusative, feminine, singular], -cze [accusative, neuter, singular], -czych [accusative, plural, virile], -cze [accusative, error-unrecognized-form, plural], -czym [instrumental, masculine, singular], -czą [feminine, instrumental, singular], -czym [instrumental, neuter, singular], -czymi [error-unrecognized-form, instrumental, plural], -czymi [instrumental, plural, virile], -czym [locative, masculine, singular], -czej [feminine, locative, singular], -czym [locative, neuter, singular], -czych [error-unrecognized-form, locative, plural], -czych [locative, plural, virile]
  1. forms adjectives Tags: morpheme
{
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*-keh₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-kos"
    ],
    [
      "*-ikāˀ",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/-ikāˀ"
    ],
    [
      "*-ьka",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ьka"
    ],
    [
      "*-ьca",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ьca#Proto-Slavic:_denominal"
    ],
    [
      "-ca",
      "-ca#Old_Polish:_nominal"
    ],
    [
      "-ca",
      "-ca#Polish"
    ],
    [
      "*-kos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-kos#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectives"
    ],
    [
      "*-kъ",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-kъ#Proto-Slavic:_nominal"
    ],
    [
      "*-ъkъ",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ъkъ#Proto-Slavic:_nominal"
    ],
    [
      "-ek",
      "-ek#Old_Polish"
    ],
    [
      "-ek",
      "-ek#Polish"
    ],
    [
      "*-keh₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-kos#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectives"
    ],
    [
      "*-kāˀ",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/-kāˀ#Proto-Balto-Slavic:_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "*-ъka",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ъka#Proto-Slavic:_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "-ka",
      "-ka#Old_Polish:_nominal"
    ],
    [
      "-ka",
      "-ka#Polish"
    ],
    [
      "*ís",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ís#Proto-Indo-European:_demonstrative"
    ],
    [
      "*is",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/is#Proto-Balto-Slavic:_determiner"
    ],
    [
      "*jь",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/jь#Proto-Slavic:_determiner"
    ],
    [
      "-y",
      "-y#Old_Polish:_adjectival"
    ],
    [
      "-y",
      "-y#Polish"
    ],
    [
      "-ca",
      "-ca#Polish"
    ],
    [
      "-ek",
      "-ek#Polish"
    ],
    [
      "-ka",
      "-ka#Polish"
    ],
    [
      "-y",
      "-y#Polish"
    ],
    [
      "łowczy",
      "łowczy#Polish"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "-ca",
        "4": "-ek",
        "5": "-ka",
        "6": "-y",
        "id": "adjectival",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-keh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-i-keh₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ikāˀ\nProto-Slavic *-ьka\nProto-Slavic *-ьca\nOld Polish -ca\nPolish -ca\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Slavic *-kъ\nProto-Slavic *-ъkъ\nOld Polish -ek\nPolish -ek\nProto-Indo-European *-keh₂der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀ\nProto-Slavic *-ъka\nOld Polish -ka\nPolish -ka\nProto-Indo-European *ís\nProto-Balto-Slavic *is\nProto-Slavic *jь\nOld Polish -y\nPolish -y\nPolish -czy\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ikāˀ\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ьka\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ьca\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ca\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ca\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-kъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ъkъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ek\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ek\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"alt\" : \"*-keh₂\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-kāˀ\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ъka\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ka\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ka\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"determiner\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"determiner\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"demonstrative\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ís\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*is\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*jь\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-y\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-y\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-czy\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-id=\"adjectival\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"-czy\" id=\"Polish:_adjectival\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl"
      },
      "expansion": "Rebracketing",
      "name": "rebracketing"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-keh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-i-keh₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ikāˀ\nProto-Slavic *-ьka\nProto-Slavic *-ьca\nOld Polish -ca\nPolish -ca\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Slavic *-kъ\nProto-Slavic *-ъkъ\nOld Polish -ek\nPolish -ek\nProto-Indo-European *-keh₂der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀ\nProto-Slavic *-ъka\nOld Polish -ka\nPolish -ka\nProto-Indo-European *ís\nProto-Balto-Slavic *is\nProto-Slavic *jь\nOld Polish -y\nPolish -y\nPolish -czy\nRebracketing of words suffixed with -ca or -ek /-ka + -y (such as łowczy).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-cza",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-cze",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-cze",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czej",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czemu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czej",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czemu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "animate",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czą",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-cze",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-cze",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czą",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czymi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czymi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czej",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-czy",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "-czy"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "",
        "czy"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "pl-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish rebracketings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ca",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ek",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ka",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish terms suffixed with -y",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forms adjectives"
      ],
      "id": "en--czy-pl-suffix-DQGgwnYi",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʂɘ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɘ"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "czy"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-czy"
}
{
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*-keh₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-kos"
    ],
    [
      "*-ikāˀ",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/-ikāˀ"
    ],
    [
      "*-ьka",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ьka"
    ],
    [
      "*-ьca",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ьca#Proto-Slavic:_denominal"
    ],
    [
      "-ca",
      "-ca#Old_Polish:_nominal"
    ],
    [
      "-ca",
      "-ca#Polish"
    ],
    [
      "*-kos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-kos#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectives"
    ],
    [
      "*-kъ",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-kъ#Proto-Slavic:_nominal"
    ],
    [
      "*-ъkъ",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ъkъ#Proto-Slavic:_nominal"
    ],
    [
      "-ek",
      "-ek#Old_Polish"
    ],
    [
      "-ek",
      "-ek#Polish"
    ],
    [
      "*-keh₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-kos#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectives"
    ],
    [
      "*-kāˀ",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/-kāˀ#Proto-Balto-Slavic:_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "*-ъka",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ъka#Proto-Slavic:_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "-ka",
      "-ka#Old_Polish:_nominal"
    ],
    [
      "-ka",
      "-ka#Polish"
    ],
    [
      "*ís",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ís#Proto-Indo-European:_demonstrative"
    ],
    [
      "*is",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/is#Proto-Balto-Slavic:_determiner"
    ],
    [
      "*jь",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/jь#Proto-Slavic:_determiner"
    ],
    [
      "-y",
      "-y#Old_Polish:_adjectival"
    ],
    [
      "-y",
      "-y#Polish"
    ],
    [
      "-ca",
      "-ca#Polish"
    ],
    [
      "-ek",
      "-ek#Polish"
    ],
    [
      "-ka",
      "-ka#Polish"
    ],
    [
      "-y",
      "-y#Polish"
    ],
    [
      "łowczy",
      "łowczy#Polish"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "-ca",
        "4": "-ek",
        "5": "-ka",
        "6": "-y",
        "id": "adjectival",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-keh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-i-keh₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ikāˀ\nProto-Slavic *-ьka\nProto-Slavic *-ьca\nOld Polish -ca\nPolish -ca\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Slavic *-kъ\nProto-Slavic *-ъkъ\nOld Polish -ek\nPolish -ek\nProto-Indo-European *-keh₂der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀ\nProto-Slavic *-ъka\nOld Polish -ka\nPolish -ka\nProto-Indo-European *ís\nProto-Balto-Slavic *is\nProto-Slavic *jь\nOld Polish -y\nPolish -y\nPolish -czy\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ikāˀ\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ьka\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ьca\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ca\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ca\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-kъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ъkъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ek\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ek\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"alt\" : \"*-keh₂\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-kāˀ\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ъka\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ka\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ka\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"determiner\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"determiner\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"demonstrative\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ís\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*is\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*jь\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-y\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-y\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-czy\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-id=\"adjectival\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"-czy\" id=\"Polish:_adjectival\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl"
      },
      "expansion": "Rebracketing",
      "name": "rebracketing"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-keh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-i-keh₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ikāˀ\nProto-Slavic *-ьka\nProto-Slavic *-ьca\nOld Polish -ca\nPolish -ca\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Slavic *-kъ\nProto-Slavic *-ъkъ\nOld Polish -ek\nPolish -ek\nProto-Indo-European *-keh₂der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀ\nProto-Slavic *-ъka\nOld Polish -ka\nPolish -ka\nProto-Indo-European *ís\nProto-Balto-Slavic *is\nProto-Slavic *jь\nOld Polish -y\nPolish -y\nPolish -czy\nRebracketing of words suffixed with -ca or -ek /-ka + -y (such as łowczy).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-cza",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-cze",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-cze",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czej",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czemu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czej",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czemu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "animate",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czą",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-cze",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-cze",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czą",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czymi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czymi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czej",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-czych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-czy",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "-czy"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "",
        "czy"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "pl-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages using catfix",
        "Pages using etymon with no ID",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Pages with etymology trees",
        "Pages with etymon",
        "Polish 1-syllable words",
        "Polish entries with etymology trees",
        "Polish entries with etymon",
        "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
        "Polish hard adjectives",
        "Polish lemmas",
        "Polish rebracketings",
        "Polish suffixes",
        "Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *ís",
        "Polish terms suffixed with -ca",
        "Polish terms suffixed with -ek",
        "Polish terms suffixed with -ka",
        "Polish terms suffixed with -y",
        "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
        "Polish terms with homophones",
        "Rhymes:Polish/ɘ",
        "Rhymes:Polish/ɘ/1 syllable"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forms adjectives"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʂɘ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɘ"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "czy"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-czy"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -czy meaning in All languages combined (11.2kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'non-virile'",
  "path": [
    "-czy"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-czy",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nominative/vocative'",
  "path": [
    "-czy"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-czy",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.